Black Belt Certification Exam

A Cause and Effect Diagram is used to identify, organize and graphically display the potential causes of a specific effect or event?

Cause and Effect Diagram provides quantitative analysis of correlation between each cause and the effect.

Cp considers the within-subgroup standard deviation and Pp considers the total standard deviation from the sample data?

Cp, and Pp take both total variation and the average of the process into consideration when measuring the process capability?

Cpk measures the process’s potential capability to meet the two-sided specifications. It doesn’t take the process average into consideration?

If Kappa is equal to 0, the measurement system is excellent?

Median is the average of a set of data?

Median is the middle value in a set of data?

Mode is the value in a data set that occurs most frequently?

SIPOC is an acronym using which includes the following words except?

Standard Deviation is a measure that describes how far the data points spread away from the mean?

Which of the following is not a common source of variation in most measurement systems?

Which of the following items is not related to the accuracy of the measurement system?

Which of the following measurements is NOT a process capability index?

__________ is how consistent measurements deliver the same values under the same circumstances?

The risk prioritization number is the product of the ______ score, _____ score and ______ score?

Process ________ measures how well the process performs to meet given customer specification limits?

__________ is the difference between the observed value and the true value of a measurement?

______ should be used when trying to understand the links between customers, process steps and process outputs

For the normal distribution, about _____% of the data fall within +/- 2 standard deviation from the mean?

A ________ is a graphical tool to present the distribution of the data

Process stability is a prerequisite for process capability analysis?

___________ is an analysis technique to identify, evaluate and prioritize a potential deficiency in a process so that the project team can design action plans to reduce the probability of the failure or deficiency from occurring?

______________ is applied to “infer” the characteristics or relationships of the populations from which the data are collected?

A ________ is a graphical representation of a process flow

_________is applied to describe the main characteristics of a collection of data?

In a Variable Gage R and R, the acceptable % contribution of variation attributable to Repeatability and Reproducibility should be less than _____%

How might you display central location on a nominal scale?

The interquartile range is NOT which of the following?

Which of the following tools did Kaoru Ishikawa invent?

Which are not continuous data?

What are Discrete Data?

What type of data do we prefer?

How do we summarize discrete data?

How do we summarize continuous data?

What is the middle value of a set of data?

How is variance calculated?

What do we need to know to completely describe a normal distribution?

Which of the following is not an intended learning outcome of an MSA?

What is Bias?

Performance within the Upper Specification Limit (USL) and the Lower Specification Limit (LSL) will make a customer satisfied?

An estimate of the probability of an event occurring depending on the standard deviation from the Mean is based on?

The Cp for a process with an average of 100 and a standard deviation (within) of 12 and upper and lower specification limits of 114 and 90 would be?

The Cpk for a process with an average of 100 and a standard deviation (within) of 2 with upper and lower specification limits of 114 and 94 would be?

A P-chart might be used to display the rate of defectives for this type of capability analysis?

What is the difference between Cp and Cpk?

How many factors are used to calculate RPN?

In an MSA, total variability is from

If extreme outliers exist in a dataset, this would warrant the use of __________ to illustrate the center location.

Can you add standard deviations?

Can you add variance?

Variation of the outputs of a process refers to how broadly distributed the results are relative to the average.

Which tool has as its objective as the identification of various potential causes or factors influencing a process output?

Early in a LSS project a Belt may assemble several people familiar with the process to identify various ways something could fail and what problems that failure would cause. Which tool would the belt use for this?

Which of the following is not an example of continuous data?

The difference between the largest number of a data set and the smallest is called the_______?

In a Measurement System, _______________ is a measure of how tightly grouped a set of data is while ________________is a measure of how close to a target a set of data is.

Capability Analysis is a measurement of the ability of the process to meet specified requirements.

For us to determine the performance of our process at the beginning of a LSS project we must gather data on its long-term performance in an “as-is” condition. This is commonly referred to as ______________?

Stability in an MSA is the consistency of measurements of the same objects over time?

SIPOC stands for Suppliers, _______, Process, Output and Customers

With Measurement System Analysis, we are concerned with Precision and _______ of the data to be collected.

The Mode is the least frequently occurring value in a distribution of data.

One of the primary objectives of constructing an X-Y Matrix is to separate the vital few X’s from the trivial many.

If a set of data is very similar in value from point to point yet far off the mark relative to a given target value, this data could be said to be…

Stability, Bias and Linearity define the __________ of a Measurement System

Deviations of measured values over time from the true value is known as ________?

Variation in measurements made by different appraisers using the same measuring instrument when measuring identical objects is referred to as?

The SIPOC provides all the following benefits EXCEPT:

As a standard for a process to be at the 6 Sigma quality level, it must have?

Which of the following is the one that is not part of the 7 deadly Muda?

DPU is calculated by dividing the number of defects by the number of units

Nominal Data are discrete and rank ordered?

For the normal distribution, about _____% of the data fall within +/- 1 standard deviation from the mean?

Reproducibility evaluates whether the same appraiser can obtain the same value multiple times when measuring the same object using the same equipment under the same environment.

Being stable does not guarantee a process to be capable. However, being stable is a prerequisite to determine whether a process is capable.

A Pp of greater than 1 suggests..

A Pp of less than 1 suggests..

Mood’s median is more robust to outliers and is an alternative to Kruskal-Wallis?

Which of the following is not a correct combination of accurate Gage R and R interpretations?

If the correlation coefficient of two variables is zero, the two variables are independent?

Correlation implies causation?

R2 measures the proportion of variability in the data which can be explained by the model?

In a multiple linear regression analysis, the p-values of the insignificant predictors are the ones that are smaller than the alpha level?

When eliminating insignificant variables from a multiple linear regression model, we should remove all insignificant variables at the same time?

Multicollinearity is the situation when two or more independent variables in a multiple regression model are correlated with each other?

Replication in DOE increases the total degrees of freedom?

Fractional factorial experiments require fewer resources and runs than full factorial experiments?

Which of the following situations does NOT indicate that the simple linear regression model is statistically significant?

What is the total degrees of freedom of a simple linear regression model built using 25 data points?

Which of the following assumptions is NOT required to ensure the reliability of the linear regression model?

In a two-level full factorial DOE with four factors, how many runs should there be?

In an orthogonal design, the sum of products for each run should equal zero?

What is the resolution of a 23-1 DOE?

Pearson’s correlation coefficient measures both linear and non-linear relationship between two variables?

In a resolution III design, the main effects are confounded with?

A correlation coefficient of 0.00 means there is absolutely no relationship?

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents a strong positive linear relationship?

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents a strong inverse linear relationship?

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents a moderate positive linear relationship?

Which of the following correlation coefficients best represents the absence of a linear relationship?

Which of the following correlation coefficients do not represent a perfect linear relationship?

Which of the following is a way in which you might deal with multicollinearity?

Would increasing the sample size be an effective way to deal multicollinearity?

If VIF ≥ 10, there is no multicollinearity?

If VIF = 1, there is no multicollinearity?

Experiments are passive studies in which historical data are used to conduct analysis?

In DOE the principle of parsimony suggests that the goal of DOE is to use the minimum amount of data to discover the maximum amount of information?

When two input factors are aliases of each other, the effects they each have on the response cannot be separated?

A Resolution III DOE confounds its main effect with?

A Resolution IV DOE confounds its main effect with?

A Resolution V DOE confounds its main effect with?

R2 is also referred to as the coefficient of determination?

_________ is used to model the linear relationship between one output and two or more inputs?

_______ are the vertical differences between actual values and the predicted values or the “fitted line” created by a regression model?

When the variance inflation factor of an independent variable is larger than ______ there is large multicollinearity for this variable in the model?

______ is the measure or quantifiable degree of confounding?

What is the primary purpose of linear correlation analysis?

Multiple linear regression is best described by which?

What is the coefficient in this regression formula: Length = 3.5 + 1.29 mass

Regression analysis does not rely on this assumption about the residuals

When are correlation and linear regression not used?

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

When is the degree of association Moderate?

How is the transformation of non-normal data into normal data done?

What does a variance inflation factor (VIF) of 5 indicate?

One factor at a time (OFAT) is a type of DOE

Your multiple regression model returned 3 variables that were significant, and the model looks good based on all other measures. Of the 3 variables, which one has the most influence on your “Y?

An interaction effect is the average change in the response variable resulting from changes in the levels of one factor?

Interaction effect is the average change in the response resulting from the change in the interaction of multiple factors?

Fractional factorials are less able to determine effects because of fewer degrees of freedom available to evaluate higher order interactions?

Factor levels are the selected settings of a factor we are testing in the experiment

_______ are the number of times running an individual treatment is repeated in a DOE?

An experiment design is ________ if the main effect of one factor can be evaluated independent of other factors.

_______is the quantification or degree of confounding in a DOE?

The following descriptions is best matched with which DOE term; The Y or Dependent Variable or Process output measurement?

The following descriptions is best matched with which DOE term; The change in the average response across two levels of a factor or between experimental conditions?

The following descriptions is best matched with which DOE term; The X’s or Inputs or Independent variables?

The following descriptions is best matched with which DOE term; Factor settings usually high and low, or + and -, or 1 and -1

Which of the following is a key advantage of DOE over passive learning?

Statistical process control can be used in different phases of six sigma projects, such as before and after implementation of improvements?

True or False, the following are valid characteristics of a Lean Enterprise; Pull Systems, Flow, Availability, Zero Waste, and Value Add

What type of muda is waste from working more than required, scheduling more capacity than necessary or using resources that are overkill?

Which of the following should not be included among the 5 Principles of Lean?

Lean is only about removing waste from the enterprise?

_________ is when more products are produced than are required by the next function or customer.

The Japanese word for waste is Sieri?

Some of the core concepts of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste, improving flow, and achieving ___________

If we produce more than is needed by the next step in the process or more than the customer needs this is an example of which element of waste?

The Japanese word for waste is Muda?

The only purpose of LEAN is to concentrate efforts on removing variation from a process output and lowering costs

A reduction in any type of Muda will always reduce outliers and defects?

Lean Principles define _______ forms of waste that should be addressed by a business enterprise.

Sigma refers to a roman letter that mathematicians use when discussing “average” or “mean”

Six Sigma originated in the 1980’s at Motorola?

Achieving Six Sigma has nothing to do with meeting customer expectations?

Hard costs and soft costs are two types of COPQ

CTQ’s are translated from VOC

In Six Sigma Primary and Secondary Metrics are Mandatory

To achieve Six Sigma the DMAIC methodology follows which approach

Who is credited as being the father of Six Sigma?

Which of these is not one of the 4 stages of team development?

Which is not a characteristic of a successful team?

A well written problem statement contains all the following except?

Lean and Six Sigma are Both focused on Quality and Value for the customer?

A process operating at 6 Sigma will only generate 3.4 defects per million opportunities?

Continuous variables are measured, Discrete variables are counted?

CTQ is an acronym that stands for what?

The ________ metric is your critical measure, it’s the reason for your project, it’s your beacon. This metric is the single most important thing to understand for you to be successful.

COPQ is an acronym that stands for?

A Six Sigma process will only produce this many defects per million opportunities?

_______ are flaws, errors or other non-conformities that compromise the value of a product.

What is a Y measure?

Who delivers the input for the CTQ?

The essence of Six Sigma is to concentrate on removing waste (Muda) from a process while lowering costs.

Which of the following best describe Six Sigma?

Which of the following best describe Sigma?

The higher a Sigma level the better?

Which of the following might review Process Performance?

What does DPMO stand for?

Where in your SIPOC might stakeholders be represented?

What is the long-term Sigma with a DPMO of 3.4 and a yield of 99.9996%?

What are some LEAN Six Sigma objectives?

To understand the CTQ attributes of a product or service, we need to get?

Which of the following is not a key output of the Define phase?

Who should have the most influence when writing a business case for a project?

Which is not an example of hard savings?

What is an X measure?

Specifically, in Six Sigma, intentional changes in process performance comes from changing and controlling:

A quality control function was introduced to catch defects before shipment to the customer.  The cost of this quality control function is an example of:

When a process is proven to function at a 6 sigma level, this means there are less than 3.4 defects per ______ opportunities?

What is the Pareto Rule?

Which of the following would not be a desired outcome of a Six Sigma program or project?

If a process is determined to be operating at a 6 sigma level, then the number of defects per million opportunities is?

The output of any process is comprised of the various inputs to that process. This concept is best expressed with which of the following formulas?

Much of the efforts in a LEAN Six Sigma project are driven by a concept called VOC which stands for:

As a Belt mapping a process she/he will use a ______________ symbol to designate a decision point in the process.

Which of the following represents the information we are trying to achieve by seeking input from our customers in determining what is important to them?

Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can involve both Hard and Soft Costs.

The data analysis technique that separates more important factors, typically in a ratio of 80:20, is ________?

When a Belt adds information to a Process Map that defines which department is responsible for the various activities displayed, it could be referred to as _____________?

A SIPOC diagram helps us get a good overall look at a process since it identifies the Suppliers, Inventories, Process steps, Outputs and Customers

Six Sigma refers to a process whose output has at least 95% of its data points within 6 standard deviations from the mean.

Profit and market share would be the concern of which of the following?

As we conceive and define a LEAN Six Sigma project, one of the overriding objectives we hope to accomplish is to reduce the __________

How should CTQ’s not be established?

In most cases, a project team is most autonomous and receives the least amount of direction during which of the following stages?

What is not a good reason for spending so much time in the Define phase?

The Pareto Principle is named after an Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto

Which of the following is the name for the mathematical expression of the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a system?

Which of the following suggests that the value or function of the entire unit or product has been compromised?

A Six Sigma process is one that has process variation equal to or greater than six (6) standard deviations?

Which is the systematic problem-solving methodology used to achieve Six Sigma?

This type of process map has an additional dimension that is used to show which job performs a process step or makes the decision in a process?